% ----------------------------
\subsection{PKCS\#11 Basics}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Problem Statement}
\begin{itemize}
\item decouple applications from HW-interfaces
\item prevent vendor lock-in
\item abstract, independent API for HW-modules
\end{itemize}
\bigskip
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{images/pkcs11_problem-statement.png}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{What is PKCS\#11?}
\begin{itemize}
\item Sub-Standard \#11
\item Cryptographic Token Interface
 \begin{itemize}
 \item API Specification for Interaction SW / HW
 \item Short-name: Cryptoki (cryptographic token interface)
 \end{itemize}
\item Vendor/Company independent Standard
 \begin{itemize}
 \item developed by RSA Security LLC.
 \item managed by OASIS PKCS11 Technical Committee
 \end{itemize}
\item current Version: 2.40
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{PKCS\#11: Elements}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{images/pkcs11_elements.png}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}[containsverbatim]
\frametitle{PKCS\#11 in Applications}
\begin{columns}[onlytextwidth]
 \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item decouple application from key storage
  \item standardized API for key management
  \item standardized API for key usage
  \item hardware-based solutions:
   \begin{itemize}
   \item secure key store
   \item HW-based crypto operations
   \end{itemize}
  \end{itemize}
 \end{column}
 \begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
  \begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{images/pkcs11_appl-libs.png}
  \end{figure}
 \end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\subsection{PKCS\#11 Environments}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{SmartCard}
\begin{itemize}
\item SmartCard (and Card-Reader)
\item Interface: PKCS\#11 (Library provided by Vendor)
\item Crypto Operations: on Device (detached, dedicated Java-CPU)
\item Keystore: on Card (BB-RAM or Flash)
\item PIN authorization: Callback or HW-Pin pad (in Reader)
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{HSM}
\begin{itemize}
\item Hardware Security Modules (HSM)
\item Interface: PKCS\#11 (Library provided by Vendor)
\item Crypto Operations: on Device (detached, dedicated CPU)
\item Keystore: on Device (BB-RAM or Flash)
\item PIN authorization: Callback (Library)
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{SoftToken}
\begin{itemize}
\item Implementation of Slot- and Token-Functions in SW
\item Interface: PKCS\#11 (built-in)
\item Crypto Operations: on CPU
\item Keystore: DB or File-based
\item PIN authorization: Callback (Library)
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\subsection{PKCS\#11 Applications}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{PKCS\#11 Usage}
\begin{itemize}
\item access token via engine (pkcs11)
\item references to the keys (URI)
\item features:
 \begin{itemize}
 \item key will not leave the token
 \item crypto operations are performed inside the token
 \item workload offloading
 \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}[containsverbatim]
\frametitle{PKCS\#11 usage II}
\begin{itemize}
\item specify engine as commandline parameter
\item engine-specific keyform
\item handle keys as PKCS\#11 URIs
\item common processing for file-based (softhsm) and HW-based keystores (HSM)
\end{itemize}
\bigskip
\begin{beamerboxesrounded}[shadow=true]{openssl: sign with private key in token}
\begin{scriptsize}
\begin{verbatim}
openssl dgst \
  -engine pkcs11 \
  -keyform engine \
  -sign "pkcs11:token=DevToken;object=devel;type=private" \
  -out data.sig \
  data
\end{verbatim}
\end{scriptsize}
\end{beamerboxesrounded}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}[containsverbatim]
\frametitle{PKCS\#11 usage III}
\begin{itemize}
\item openssl ENGINE API
\item common processing for file-based (softhsm) and HW-based keystores (HSM)
\end{itemize}
\bigskip
\begin{beamerboxesrounded}[shadow=true]{libssl: use private key in token}
\begin{scriptsize}
\begin{verbatim}
int ssl_connect(SSL_CTX *ctx, BIO *server)
{
        ENGINE *e;
        EVP_PKEY *evp_key;

        char *uri = "pkcs11:token=DevToken;object=devel;type=private";

        e = ENGINE_by_id("pkcs11");
        [...]
        evp_key = ENGINE_load_private_key(e, uri, NULL, NULL);
        [...]
        SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(ctx, evp_key);
        [...]
        server = BIO_new_ssl_connect(ctx);
        [...]
}
\end{verbatim}
\end{scriptsize}
\end{beamerboxesrounded}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\subsection{PKCS\#11 Token Management}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Tools}
\begin{itemize}
\item several projects provide tooling for the token management
 \begin{itemize}
 \item opensc: p11tool
 \item gnutls: pkcs11-tool
 \end{itemize}
\item manage token and its content
 \begin{itemize}
 \item set User/SO Pin
 \item generate/import/export keys
 \item list keys
 \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

% ----------------------------
\begin{frame}[containsverbatim]
\frametitle{List Tokens and Keys}
\begin{beamerboxesrounded}[shadow=true]{p11tool: list token URLs}
\begin{scriptsize}
\begin{verbatim}
$ p11tool --list-token-urls
pkcs11:model=p11-kit-trust;[...];token=System%20Trust
pkcs11:model=SoftHSM%20v2;[...];token=DevToken
\end{verbatim}
\end{scriptsize}
\end{beamerboxesrounded}
\bigskip
\begin{beamerboxesrounded}[shadow=true]{p11tool: list URLs of all objects}
\begin{scriptsize}
\begin{verbatim}
# to list also sensitive objects (like private keys), a login to the token is
# required
$ p11tool --login --list-all --only-url pkcs11:token=DevToken
Token 'DevToken' with URL 'pkcs11:model=SoftHSM%20v2;[...];token=DevToken' requires user PIN
Enter PIN:
pkcs11:model=SoftHSM%20v2;[...];token=DevToken;[...];object=client1;type=cert
pkcs11:model=SoftHSM%20v2;[...];token=DevToken;[...];object=client1;type=public
pkcs11:model=SoftHSM%20v2;[...];token=DevToken;[...];object=client1;type=private
\end{verbatim}
\end{scriptsize}
\end{beamerboxesrounded}
\end{frame}
% ----------------------------

\subsection*{}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Resources}
\begin{itemize}
\item Standard
 \begin{itemize}
 \item \href{https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php}{OASIS PKCS 11 Technical Committee}
 \item \href{http://docs.oasis-open.org/pkcs11/pkcs11-base/v2.40/pkcs11-base-v2.40.html}{PKCS\#11 CRYPTOKI Base Specification Version 2.40}
 \end{itemize}
\item Tools
 \begin{itemize}
 \item \href{https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/wiki}{OpenSC}
 \item \href{https://www.openssl.org/docs/manpages.html}{OpenSSL man pages}
 \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}